The State of Indian Food Testing Labs: Challenges and the Way Forward By Phani Prakash
The State of Indian Food Testing Labs: Challenges and the Way Forward By Phani Prakash
Phani Prakash
CEO/HEAD OPERATIONS -SMART FOOD LAB
February 4, 2025
Food safety is a crucial concern for public health, and food testing labs play a vital role in ensuring that what we consume meets the required safety standards. However, in India, the food testing infrastructure, especially for domestic samples, faces significant challenges. Despite the presence of regulatory bodies like the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI), food adulteration and quality control issues persist.
Challenges in Indian Food Testing Labs
1. Infrastructure & Technology Gaps
Many food testing labs in India invested modern infrastructure and advanced analytical equipment with own funds or subsidy schemes provided Government of India. Still this process continued since more than 2 decades , But it was not given any results as expected harmonized methods to do the testing results in accurate test results and delays in food safety evaluations. Poor maintenance and calibration of existing equipment further affect the reliability of test reports.
2. Inadequate Manpower & Expertise
A significant shortfall of trained food analysts and microbiologists hinders the efficiency of these labs. In many cases, laboratory staff do not receive continuous training to keep up with advancements in food testing methodologies. Without skilled professionals, the accuracy and credibility of food safety reports are compromised.
3. Bureaucratic & Regulatory Challenges
The regulatory framework governing food testing in India is often slow and bureaucratic. Obtaining approvals and certifications from authorities can take months, leading to inefficiencies in testing procedures. Complex Lab Recognition processes deter private-sector investment, further exacerbating the problem, Small and Medium or Individual labs are facing issues to get recognition for their lab.
4. Limited Testing for Domestic Markets
Indian food testing labs prioritize export-oriented food products to meet international safety standards. Unfortunately, domestic food safety enforcement is weaker, leading to inadequate routine testing of locally produced food items. This results in substandard and adulterated food making its way into the market.
5. Sample Collection & Handling Issues
The quality of sample collection and transportation is another major issue affecting food testing accuracy. Many samples deteriorate due to improper handling, leading to false-negative results. Moreover, limited cold-chain infrastructure for perishable food samples poses a significant challenge. Sampling is very crucial step , it requires sufficient quantity to do complete testing which was compromised.
6. Cost & Accessibility Issues
Food testing in India remains expensive, making it unaffordable for small businesses and local food producers. The limited number of accredited food testing labs and scope not able to get recognition from Regulatory, particularly in rural areas, further restricts access to essential quality checks. As a result, many small-scale food businesses operate without proper safety assessments.
7. Weak Enforcement of Standards
Enforcement of food safety regulations performing number of samplings from retail markets or food service providers. Many violators escape with minor penalties or none at all. Without strict regulatory action, substandard food products continue to be sold in the market, putting consumers at risk.
8. Intense Competition Between MNCs, Large Indian Testing Labs, and Small-Medium Testing Labs
The food testing industry in India is increasingly dominated by multinational corporations (MNCs) and large Indian testing labs with substantial financial backing and advanced technology. These entities set pricing structures, making it difficult for small and medium-sized food testing labs to compete. Many smaller labs struggle with outdated infrastructure and limited resources, which affects their ability to provide high-quality, affordable services. This imbalance stifles competition and limits options for small food businesses seeking cost-effective testing solutions.
9.Implementing Cloud Data, AI, and IoT in Food Testing
Very Poor stage in AI, IoT, and cloud-based analytics for food safety test database available , Collaborations between educational institutions, government bodies, and technology firms workforce expertise, No Guidelines and policies for the use of AI and IoT in food safety testing.
The Way Forward
To improve the state of food testing labs in India, a multi-pronged approach is necessary. Some key steps include:
- Modernizing lab infrastructure: Investment in state-of-the-art testing equipment and regular calibration is essential. Design for Qualitative and Quantitative methods , , Reference standards Nutraceuticals and Botanical ingredients, Implement Harmonized Methods ,especially Validated Rapid testing procedures required.
- Enhancing workforce training: Continuous skill development programs for lab technicians and food analysts can improve testing accuracy. Cult need to be developed for future youngsters in the field of Science , especially Food Analytical field progressive of career growth
- Streamlining regulatory processes: Faster approval mechanisms for testing labs and simplified recognition and accreditation processes will encourage more private sector participation with this bring Food safety compliance of Food Business Operators (Street Vendor to Manufacturers)
- Strengthening domestic food safety enforcement: Government authorities must prioritize local food safety checks along with awareness in Public and Food Business Operators.
- Implementing stricter penalties: Tougher legal actions against food adulterators and corrupt testing labs will improve compliance with safety standards.
- Improving sample collection infrastructure: Ensuring proper handling, storage, and transportation of food samples can enhance test reliability.
- Making food testing more affordable: Subsidizing testing costs and increasing the number of recognized and accredited labs in rural areas will promote safer food production.
- Supporting Food testing labs : Encourage Food Exports from Small/Medium/Big Food Industries streamline food safety management at par with international standards systems Providing incentives, financial assistance, and technology-from Government ; At the same time sharing opportunities to within Big/Medium/Small labs Knowledge transfer/subcontract works can help level the playing field of Food Safety in India
Conclusion
The poor state of food testing labs in India is a significant concern that requires urgent attention. While FSSAI and other regulatory bodies have made progress in recent years, much more needs to be done. By modernizing infrastructure, streamlining regulatory processes, and enforcing stricter penalties, India can ensure that domestic food products meet high safety and quality standards. Ensuring food safety is not just a regulatory requirement but a fundamental necessity for public health and consumer confidence.
The integration of Cloud Data, AI, and IoT in food testing database presents significant opportunities for enhancing food safety and quality in India. Despite challenges such as high costs, skill gaps, and regulatory hurdles, strategic investments in infrastructure, workforce training, cybersecurity, and policy reforms can drive adoption.
Food safety in India is a collaborative approach involving the government, technology providers, and food industry stakeholders will be key to realizing the full potential of these advanced tools in India’s food sector.